PEOPLE KNOWN FOR: biography
English author
Samuel Johnson was an English critic, biographer, essayist, poet, and lexicographer, regarded as one of the greatest figures of 18th-century life and letters. Johnson once characterized literary biographies...
British author, philosopher, and statesman
Francis Bacon was the lord chancellor of England (1618–21). A lawyer, statesman, philosopher, and master of the English tongue, he is remembered in literary terms for the sharp worldly wisdom of a few...
prime minister of United Kingdom
Winston Churchill was a British statesman, orator, and author who as prime minister (1940–45, 1951–55) rallied the British people during World War II and led his country from the brink of defeat to victory....
British writer
Virginia Woolf was an English writer whose novels, through their nonlinear approaches to narrative, exerted a major influence on the genre. While she is best known for her novels, especially Mrs. Dalloway...
Greek biographer
Plutarch was a biographer and author whose works strongly influenced the evolution of the essay, the biography, and historical writing in Europe from the 16th to the 19th century. Among his approximately...
Italian poet
Petrarch was an Italian scholar, poet, and humanist whose poems addressed to Laura, an idealized beloved, contributed to the Renaissance flowering of lyric poetry. Petrarch’s inquiring mind and love of...
French author
Stendhal was one of the most original and complex French writers of the first half of the 19th century, chiefly known for his works of fiction. His finest novels are Le Rouge et le noir (1830; The Red...
Italian poet and scholar
Giovanni Boccaccio was an Italian poet and scholar, best remembered as the author of the earthy tales in the Decameron. With Petrarch he laid the foundations for the humanism of the Renaissance and raised...
Scottish biographer
James Boswell was a friend and biographer of Samuel Johnson (Life of Johnson, 2 vol., 1791). The 20th-century publication of his journals proved him to be also one of the world’s greatest diarists. Boswell’s...
American author
Ralph Waldo Emerson was an American lecturer, poet, and essayist, the leading exponent of New England Transcendentalism. Emerson was the son of the Reverend William Emerson, a Unitarian clergyman and friend...
American historian
Henry Adams was a historian, man of letters, and author of one of the outstanding autobiographies of Western literature, The Education of Henry Adams. Adams was the product of Boston’s Brahmin class, a...
French philosopher and humanist
Marie-Jean-Antoine-Nicolas de Caritat, marquis de Condorcet was a French philosopher of the Enlightenment and advocate of educational reform and women’s rights. He was one of the major Revolutionary formulators...
French poet
Paul Verlaine was a French lyric poet first associated with the Parnassians and later known as a leader of the Symbolists. With Stéphane Mallarmé and Charles Baudelaire, he formed the so-called Decadents....
French scholar
Georges Duby was a member of the French Academy, holder of the chair in medieval history at the Collège de France in Paris, and one of the 20th century’s most prolific and influential historians of the...
Argentine author
Jorge Luis Borges was an Argentine poet, essayist, and short-story writer whose works became classics of 20th-century world literature. Borges was reared in the then-shabby Palermo district of Buenos Aires,...
English author
Robert Southey was an English poet and writer of miscellaneous prose who is chiefly remembered for his association with Samuel Taylor Coleridge and William Wordsworth, both of whom were leaders of the...
Canadian political leader
Michael Ignatieff is a Canadian author, literary critic, and politician who represented the Etobicoke-Lakeshore riding in the Canadian House of Commons (2006–11) and who served as leader of the Liberal...
American author
Edmund White is an American writer of novels, short fiction, and nonfiction whose critically acclaimed work focuses on male homosexual society in America. His studies of evolving attitudes toward homosexuality...
German author
Arno Schmidt was a novelist, translator, and critic, whose experimental prose established him as the preeminent Modernist of 20th-century German literature. With roots in both German Romanticism and Expressionism,...
French author
Michel Houellebecq is a French writer, satirist, and provocateur whose work exposes his sometimes darkly humorous, often offensive, and thoroughly misanthropic view of humanity and the world. He is one...
American historian and author
Robert Caro is an American historian and author whose extensive biographies of Lyndon B. Johnson and Robert Moses went beyond studies of the men who were their subjects to investigate the practice of political...
French dramatist, novelist, and actress
Yasmina Reza is a French dramatist, novelist, director, and actress best known for her brief satiric plays that speak to contemporary middle-class anxieties. Reza was the daughter of Jewish parents who...
English poet
Algernon Charles Swinburne was an English poet and critic, outstanding for prosodic innovations and noteworthy as the symbol of mid-Victorian poetic revolt. The characteristic qualities of his verse are...
English biographer
Izaak Walton was an English biographer and author of The Compleat Angler (1653), a pastoral discourse on the joys and stratagems of fishing that has been one of the most frequently reprinted books in English...
American historian, journalist, and author
Garry Wills is an American historian, journalist, and author of provocative books on Roman Catholicism, history, and politics. Wills grew up in Wisconsin and Michigan, where he spent his childhood immersed...
Italian artist and author
Giorgio Vasari was an Italian painter, architect, and writer who is best known for his important biographies of Italian Renaissance artists. When still a child, Vasari was the pupil of Guglielmo de Marcillat,...
French and American pianist, journalist, and diplomat
Ève Curie was a French and American concert pianist, journalist, and diplomat, a daughter of Pierre Curie and Marie Curie. She is best known for writing a biography of her mother, Madame Curie (1937)....
American author
Pearl S. Buck was an American author noted for her novels of life in China. She received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1938. Pearl Sydenstricker was raised in Zhenjiang in eastern China by her Presbyterian...
American author
Paul Auster was an American novelist, essayist, translator, screenwriter, and poet whose complex novels, several of which are mysteries, are often concerned with the search for identity and personal meaning....
French writer
Romain Rolland was a French novelist, dramatist, and essayist, an idealist who was deeply involved with pacifism, the fight against fascism, the search for world peace, and the analysis of artistic genius....
American author
Ambrose Bierce was an American newspaperman, wit, satirist, and author of sardonic short stories based on themes of death and horror. His life ended in an unsolved mystery. Reared in Kosciusko county,...
English author
John Evelyn was an English country gentleman, author of some 30 books on the fine arts, forestry, and religious topics. His Diary, kept all his life, is considered an invaluable source of information on...
American poet
Genevieve Taggard was an American poet and biographer of Emily Dickinson who was much admired for her lyric verse that deftly and passionately mingles intellectual, personal, social, and aesthetic concerns....
British historian
James Anthony Froude was an English historian and biographer whose History of England from the Fall of Wolsey to the Defeat of the Spanish Armada, 12 vol. (1856–70), fundamentally altered the whole direction...
American author
Sarah Josepha Hale was an American writer who, as the first female editor of a magazine, shaped many of the attitudes and thoughts of women of her period. Sarah Josepha Buell married David Hale in 1813,...
French writer and political theorist
Charles Maurras was a French writer and political theorist, a major intellectual influence in early 20th-century Europe whose “integral nationalism” anticipated some of the ideas of fascism. Maurras was...
British author
Penelope Fitzgerald was an English novelist and biographer noted for her economical, yet evocative, witty, and intricate works often concerned with the efforts of her characters to cope with their unfortunate...
Chinese American writer
Ha Jin is a Chinese American writer who used plain, unadorned English prose to explore the tension between the individual and the family, the modern and the traditional, and personal feelings and duty....
Roman author
Suetonius was a Roman biographer and antiquarian whose writings include De viris illustribus (“Concerning Illustrious Men”), a collection of short biographies of celebrated Roman literary figures, and...
American novelist
William Gilmore Simms was an outstanding Southern novelist. Motherless at two, Simms was reared by his grandmother while his father fought in the Creek wars and under Jackson at New Orleans in 1814. Simms...
Russian author
Dmitry Sergeyevich Merezhkovsky was a Russian poet, novelist, critic, and thinker who played an important role in the revival of religious-philosophical interests among the Russian intelligentsia. After...
Australian author
Colleen McCullough was an Australian novelist who worked in a range of genres but was best known for her second novel, the sweeping romance The Thorn Birds (1977; television miniseries 1983), and for her...
English author
Evelyn Waugh was an English writer regarded by many as the most brilliant satirical novelist of his day. Waugh was educated at Lancing College, Sussex, and at Hertford College, Oxford. After short periods...
American author
Louis Auchincloss was an American novelist, short-story writer, and critic, best known for his novels of manners set in the world of contemporary upper-class New York City. Auchincloss studied at Yale...
American dancer and choreographer
Agnes de Mille was an American dancer and choreographer who further developed the narrative aspect of dance and made innovative use of American themes, folk dances, and physical idioms in her choreography...
English writer
Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell was an English novelist, short-story writer, and the first biographer of Charlotte Brontë. She was a daughter of a Unitarian minister. When her mother died, she was brought up...
American historian
David McCullough was an American historian whose exhaustively researched biographies were both popular and praised by critics. McCullough earned a B.A. (1955) in English literature from Yale University....
American author
Allan Nevins was an American historian, author, and educator, known especially for his eight-volume history of the American Civil War and his biographies of American political and industrial figures. He...
French author
Anaïs Nin was a French-born author of novels and short stories whose literary reputation rests on the eight published volumes of her personal diaries. Her writing shows the influence of the Surrealist...
Danish writer
Georg Brandes was a Danish critic and scholar who, from 1870 through the turn of the century, exerted an enormous influence on the Scandinavian literary world. Born into a Jewish family, Brandes graduated...