PEOPLE KNOWN FOR: Daoism

Zhuangzi was the most significant of China’s early interpreters of Daoism, whose work (Zhuangzi) is considered one of the definitive texts of Daoism and is thought to be more comprehensive than the Daodejing,...

Zhao Youqin was a Chinese astronomer, mathematician, and Daoist who calculated the value of π, constructed astronomical instruments, conducted experiments with a camera obscura, and compiled an influential...

Kou Qianzhi was a Daoist religious leader who organized many of the ceremonies and rites of the Tianshidao (“Way of the Celestial Masters”) movement and reformulated its theology. His influence was such...

He Yan was a Chinese scholar who cofounded the philosophical movement qingtan (“pure conversation”), in which groups of scholars used Daoist terms and concepts to give new meanings to Confucian texts....

Ge Hong was a figure in Chinese Daoism, perhaps the best-known alchemist, who tried to combine Confucian ethics with the occult doctrines of Daoism. In his youth he received a Confucian education, but...

Tu Kuang-t’ing was a Taoist scholar of the T’ang period who contributed to the development of Taoist liturgical ritual and the blending of the T’ien-shih and Ling-pao scriptures. His ideas on Taoist ritual...

Lu Hsiu-ching was a scholar of Taoism in South China who edited the revealed Ling-pao scriptures that became the basis for the most important ritualistic, or liturgical, traditions in religious Taoism....

Ji Kang was a Chinese Daoist philosopher, alchemist, and poet who was one of the most important members of the free-spirited, heavy-drinking Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove, a coterie of poets and philosophers...

Tao Hongjing was a Chinese poet, calligrapher, physician, naturalist, and the most eminent Daoist of his time. A precocious child, Tao was a tutor to the imperial court while still a youth. In 492 he retired...

Ch’ang-ch’un was a Taoist monk and alchemist who journeyed from China across the heartland of Asia to visit Genghis Khan, the famed Mongol conqueror, at his encampment north of the Hindu Kush mountains....

Liu An was a Chinese nobleman and scholar who was one of the few prominent Daoist philosophers active during the 700-year period between the peak of Daoist thought in the 4th century bc and its resurgence...

Wang Bi was one of the most brilliant and precocious Chinese philosophers of his day. By the time of Wang’s death at the age of 23, he was already the author of outstanding commentaries on the Daoist classic,...

Yang Zhu was a Chinese philosopher traditionally associated with extreme egoism but better understood as an advocate of naturalism. He may also have been the first Chinese philosopher to discuss human...

Zhang Daoling was the founder and first patriarch of the Tianshidao (“Way of the Celestial Masters”) movement within Daoism. Zhang settled in the Sichuan area and there studied Daoism sometime during the...

Sima Chengzhen was the sixth patriarch of the Shangqing school of Daoism, who had many associations with famous poets such as Li Bai and Wang Wei during the Tang dynasty. Called to court during the reign...

Wang Che was the founder of the Ch’üan-chen (Perfect Realization) sect of Taoism, in 1163. After receiving secret teachings, Wang established a monastery in Shantung to propagate the Way of Perfect Realization...